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酰肼活性染料介紹：
※ 酰肼系列染料是明亮的、極易溶于水的無毒分子，可用作醛固定的細胞示蹤劑。它們還可用于標記多糖、碳水化合物或糖蛋白的醛基或酮基。
※ 酰肼活性染料是能與生物分子中的醛基和酮基發生反應的羰基活性染料。
※ 酰肼與醛、酮等羰基化合物反應生成穩定的腙，是一種重要的反應類型。 酰腙屬于席夫堿，結構穩定，不易水解，具有許多優越的性能。 大多數酰基腙化合物具有廣泛的生物和藥理活性，以及在催化、分析和光電方面的其他重要應用。

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有許多方法可以在生物分子中產生羰基。具體示例如下：
生物分子的逐漸氧化過程會產生活性中間產物——羰基配合物（含醛和酮的生物分子）。氧敏感蛋白在經歷氧化應激或脫氨基作用時會自發形成羰基。
糖蛋白是一類具有廣泛功能的含糖結合蛋白。糖蛋白不僅是細胞膜、細胞間基質、血漿、粘液、激素等的重要組成部分，而且還起潤滑劑的作用，抑制蛋白水解酶的水解，防止細菌和病毒侵入生物體。高碘酸是一種氧化劑，能將多糖殘基中的二羥基或三羥基氧化成相應的醛。因此，酰肼活性染料可以標記糖蛋白，適用于未知樣品的分析和樣品純度的鑒定。這種方法特別適用于標記抗體。
寡核苷酸通常具有羰基。醛嘧啶是一種核苷酸中的嘧啶修飾堿基。醛基是修飾DNA中天然核苷酸的重要基團。
酰肼活性染料與生物分子中的各種羰基反應平穩且幾乎定量，可用于標記蛋白質、肽和寡核苷酸/DNA。

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酰肼與羰基化合物的反應：

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Alkyne hydrazide	Bifunctional reagent containing alkyne group and hydrazide function. It reacts with aldehydes and ketones. Alkyne group can then be coupled with various azides via CuAAC reaction.
BDP 558/568 hydrazide	BDP 558/568 hydrazide is a carbonyl reactive dye with emission in orange/yellow part of the spectrum.
BDP 581/591 hydrazide	BDP 581/591 is a multi-purpose dye with bright emission. This is a hydrazide dye for the conjugation with aldehydes and ketones.
BDP 630/650 hydrazide	A carbonyl reactive borondipyrromethene based dye for the red channel (Cyanine5).
BDP FL hydrazide	Bright and photostable, carbonyl reactive borondipyrromethene dye for FAM channel.
BDP R6G hydrazide	BDP R6G hydrazide is a borondipyrromethene dye whose absorption and emission spectra resemble R6G. This is a carbonyl reactive compound.
BDP TR hydrazide	BDP TR hydrazide for the labeling of carbonyl compounds with BDP TR, a borondipyrromethene matching ROX channel.
Cyanine3 hydrazide	Cyanine3 hydrazide is a carbonyl-reactive dye for Cy3 channel.
Cyanine5 hydrazide	Cy5 hydrazide is a reactive dye for aldehydes and ketones. It can be used for the labeling of glycoproteins after periodate oxidation of sugar moieties.
Cyanine5.5 hydrazide	Cyanine5.5 hydrazide is a carbonyl reactive NIR dye which is particularly suitable for the labeling of periodate oxidized glycoproteins, i.e. antibodies.
Cyanine7 hydrazide	Carbonyl reactive NIR fluorophore for the labeling of aldehydes, ketones, including glycoproteins subjected to periodate oxidation.
Cyanine7.5 hydrazide	Near infrared fluorophore functionalized with hydrazide moiety. Reactive against carbonyl compounds, useful for the labeling of saccharides, and antibodies after periodate oxidation.
FAM hydrazide, 5-isomer	FAM hydrazide is a carbonyl reactive fluorescein derivative. Pure 5-isomer. Can label oxidized proteins, saccharides, and many small molecules with carbonyl groups.
FAM hydrazide, 6-isomer	6-FAM hydrazide is a carbonyl reactive fluorescein (FAM) derivative. This product contains a pure 6-isomer of fluorescein.
Pyrene hydrazide	Pyrene hydrazide is a carbonyl reactive dye for the conjugation of pyrene fluorophore with aldehydes and ketones.
Sulfo-Cyanine3 hydrazide	Cyanine3 hydrazide with sulfo groups, well soluble in water and readily reacting with carbonyl compounds.
TAMRA hydrazide, 6-isomer	6-TAMRA azide is a carbonyl reactive hydrazide derivative of tetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA) fluorophore.