細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)是細(xì)胞在受控條件下（通常在其自然環(huán)境之外）生長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程。細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)中從活組織中分離出目標(biāo)細(xì)胞后，可以將其隨后保持在精心控制的條件下，這些條件因每種細(xì)胞類(lèi)型而異，但通常由合適的容器組成，該容器帶有可提供必需營(yíng)養(yǎng)素（氨基酸，碳水化合物，維生素，礦物質(zhì)），生長(zhǎng)因子，激素和氣體（CO 2，O 2）的底物或培養(yǎng)基，并且 調(diào)節(jié)理化環(huán)境（pH緩沖液，滲透壓，溫度）。 大多數(shù)細(xì)胞需要表面或人工底物（貼壁或單層培養(yǎng)），而其他細(xì)胞則可以在培養(yǎng)基中懸浮懸浮（懸浮培養(yǎng)）。 大多數(shù)細(xì)胞的壽命是由遺傳決定的，但是一些細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)細(xì)胞已經(jīng)“轉(zhuǎn)化”為永生細(xì)胞，如果提供了最佳條件，它們將無(wú)限期繁殖。Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside their natural environment. After the cells of interest have been isolated from living tissue, they can subsequently be maintained under carefully controlled conditions. These conditions vary for each cell type, but generally consist of a suitable vessel with a substrate or medium that supplies the essential nutrients (amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals), growth factors, hormones, and gases (CO?, O?), and regulates the physio-chemical environment (pH buffer, osmotic pressure, temperature).